The Leave campaigns were largely funded with Russian money, and there were massive pro-brexit disinformation campaigns by Russia on social media. So, not caused by, but massively aided by Russians. Very much like Trump - both projects designed to cause division in Western countries.
It is considered widely as one of Putins biggest successes in driving a wedge into Europe. Remember how much money of the “Leave” campaign came from Russian sources.
Ah ok, so Brexit was caused by Russians now. I thought it was caused by the people who voted to leave the EU.
A couple of points:
https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/how-svetlana-and-friends-took-to-the-brexit-cause-fcb3bd0db?region=global
https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/06/24/480949383/britains-google-searches-for-what-is-the-eu-spike-after-brexit-vote
Brexit was one of several military psychological operations to undermine western political power under CambridgeAnalytica / SLC.
https://www.ted.com/talks/carole_cadwalladr_this_is_what_a_digital_coup_looks_like/transcript
And yes, the russians were all in on it.
The Leave campaigns were largely funded with Russian money, and there were massive pro-brexit disinformation campaigns by Russia on social media. So, not caused by, but massively aided by Russians. Very much like Trump - both projects designed to cause division in Western countries.
It is considered widely as one of Putins biggest successes in driving a wedge into Europe. Remember how much money of the “Leave” campaign came from Russian sources.